🌱 Conditions for Rose Cultivation
- Climate: Prefers mild climate | Temperature: 15–28°C | Avoids extreme heat & frost.
- Rainfall: Moderate rainfall, well-distributed.
- Soil: Well-drained, fertile, loamy soil | pH 6.0–7.5 | Rich in organic matter.
- Altitude: Thrives up to 1500 m above sea level.
🌿 Cultivation Practices
- Propagation: Commonly by cuttings, budding, grafting, or tissue culture.
- Planting: Best in early spring/monsoon | Spacing: 60–100 cm apart depending on variety.
- Pruning: Essential for shaping, removing old wood, and promoting new flowering shoots.
- Irrigation: Requires regular watering | Avoid waterlogging.
- Fertilization: Balanced NPK + organic manure | Roses are heavy feeders.
🌹 Flowering & Harvesting
- Flowering starts 6–8 months after planting (variety-dependent).
- Flowers harvested at tight bud stage in early morning.
- Frequent harvesting encourages more blooms.
🐞 Pests and Diseases
- Pests: Aphids, thrips, mites, beetles.
- Diseases: Powdery mildew, black spot, rust, dieback.
- Management: Resistant varieties, neem oil sprays, proper spacing, fungicides when needed.
💐 Uses & Processing
- Fresh cut flowers for bouquets & decoration.
- Rose oil & rose water for perfumes and cosmetics.
- Edible rose petals & gulkand (sweet preserve).
- Dried petals for herbal blends and incense.
🌍 Major Rose-Producing Countries
- India
- Netherlands (world leader in floriculture)
- Kenya
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- China